extended the boundaries of literature, complained bitterly that 
boys should have to comb through the divisions and 
distinctions of Peter of Spain.

     The point of all this is that the drive to deal spatially and 
geometrically with words and logic, while useful as an art of 
memory, proved cul de sac  in philosophy. It needed the 
mathematical symbolism we have devised today. But it did 
contribute directly to the spirit of quantification that expressed 
itself in the mechanization of writing and what followed long 
before Gutenberg, “the advance in quantification which 
medieval logic exhibits is one of the chief differences between it 
and the earlier Aristotelian logic.” (p. 72) And quantification 
means the translation of non-visual relations and realities into 
visual terms, a procedure inherent in the phonetic alphabet, as 
was shown earlier. But with Ramus in the sixteenth century it is